A publication of Work On Waste USA, Inc., 82 Judson, Canton, NY 13617 315-379-9200 NOVEMBER 1995

US EPA’S FINAL EMISSION
STANDARDS & GUIDELINES FOR
MUNICIPAL SOLID WASTE INCINERATORS

Notes: Standards apply to all “New” plants that began construction after Sept. 20, 1994; Guidelines are the standards that apply to “Existing” plants. MWC = Municipal Waste Combustor; mg/dscm = Milligrams per dry standard cubic meter;

gr/million dscf = grains per million dry standard cubic feet; PPMV = Parts Per Million by Volume;

GCP = Good Combustion Practices

1995 Guidelines for 1995 Guidelines for 1995 Standards for
EXISTING SMALL EXISTING LARGE ALL NEW MWC’s

MWC’s (40 - 250 tpd) MWC’s (over 250 tpd) 40 tpd and over

Cadmium 0.10 mg/dscm 0.040 mg/dscm 0.020 mg/dscm

(Cd) (44 gr/million dscf) (18 gr/million dscf) (8.7 gr/million dscf)

(same as proposed in 1994) (same as proposed in 1994) (1994 proposed: 0.010 mg/dscm)

Lead 1.6 mg/dscm 0.49 mg/dscm 0.20 mg/dscm

(Pb) (700 gr/million dscf) (200 gr/million dscf) (87 gr/million dscf)

(same as proposed in 1994) (same as proposed in 1994) (1994 proposed: 0.10 mg/dscm)

Mercury 0.080 mg/dscm 0.080 mg/dscm 0.080 mg/dscm

(Hg) (35 gr/million dscf) or (35 gr/million dscf) or (35 gr/million dscf)

85% reduction in emissions 85% reduction in emissions 85% reduction in emissions

(same as proposed in 1994) (same as proposed in 1994) (same as proposed in 1994)

Particulate 70 mg/dscm 27 mg/dscm 24 mg/dscm

Matter (PM) (0.30 gr/dscf) (0.012 gr/dscf) (0.010 gr/dscf)

Opacity 10% (6-minute average) 10% (6-minute average) 10% (6-minute average)

Basis for GCP and GCP and Spray Dryer/ GCP and Spray Dryer/

Cd, Pb, Hg, Dry Sorbent Injection/ESP/ ESP/Carbon Injection or Fabric Filter/Carbon

PM & Carbon Injection GCPb and Spray Dryer/ Injection

Opacity limits: Fabric Filter/Carbon Injection

Sulfur Dioxide 80 ppmv or 31 ppmv or 30 ppmv or

(SO2) 50% reduction in emissions 75% reduction in emissions 80% reduction in emission

Hydrogen 250 ppmv or 31 ppmv or 25 ppmv or

Chloride 50% reduction in emissions 95% reduction in emissions 95% reduction in

(HCL) emissions

Fugitive Ash Emissions: For all categories: Visible emissions less than 5% of the time from ash transfer systems except during maintenance and repair activities. Basis for fugitive emission limit: Wet ash handling or enclosed ash handling.

Nitrogen Oxides (NOX) Emissions

Existing MWC’S ALL New MWC’s

Small MWC’s No NOX control requirement Small MWC’s No NOX control requirement

Mass burn waterwall 200 ppmv*

Mass burn rotary waterwall 250 ppmv* Large MWC’s: 150 ppmv, except

Refuse-derived fuel 250 ppmv* 180 ppmv is allowed for the

Fluidized bed 240 ppmv* first year of operation.

Mass burn refractory No NOX control*

Nitrogen Oxides (NOX) Emissions - continued

Basis for NOX limits: Basis for NOX limits:

Large MWC plants Selective non- Large MWC plants Selective non- catalytic reduction catalytic reduction

Refractory MWC plants No NOX control requirement Small MWC plants No NOX control

Small MWC plants No NOX control requirement requirement

* State plansa may allow NOX emissions averaging between MWC units at a large MWC plant. The daily weighted average NOX emissions concentration from the MWC units included in the emissions averaging plan must comply with the following 24-hour limits: 180 ppmv for mass burn waterwall combustors; 220 ppmv for mass burn rotary waterwall combustors; 230 ppmv for refuse-derived fuel combustors; 220 ppmv for fluidized bed combustors; and 180 ppmv for other combustor types (excluding mass burn refractory combustors.) Refer to the regulatory text of the emission guidelines for additional details and procedures. State plans may also establish a program to allow emissions trading between noncontiguous MWC plants. Such a program shall meet the requirements of the Open Market Trading Rule of Ozone Smog Precursors, proposed August 3, 1995 (60FR 39668) as finally promulgated.

Carbon Monoxide (CO) Emissions

The CO level is required to be measured using CEMS, and the concentration in the flue gas is required not to exceed:

MWC Type All Existing Incinerators All New Incinerators

CO Level Averaging Time CO Level Averaging Time

Modular starved-air & excess air 50 ppmv 4-hour 50 ppmv 4-hour

Mass burn waterwall & refractory 100 ppmv 4-hour 100 ppmv 4-hour

Mass Burn rotary refractory 100 ppmv 24-hour 100 ppmv 4-hour

Fluidized-bed combustion 100 ppmv 4-hour 100 ppmv 4-hour

Pulverized coal/RDF mixed fuel-fired 150 ppmv 4-hour 150 ppmv 4-hour

Spreader stoker coal/RDF mixed fuel-fired 200 ppmv 24-hour 150 ppmv 24-hour

RDF stoker 200 ppmv 24-hour 150 ppmv 24-hour

Mass burn rotary waterwall 250 ppmv 24-hour 100 ppmv 24-hour

Compliance Schedule for Existing MWC’s:

Small Existing MWC plants: State plansa must require full compliance or closure with regulatory requirements in 3 years or less following issuance of a revised construction or operation permit if a permit modification is required, or within 3 years following EPA approval of the State plan if a permit modification is not required. State plans for small MWC plants are required to specify that owners or operators of small MWC plants comply with ASME or State operator training and certification requirements by 6 months after startup, or 18 months after State plan approval by the EPA, whichever is later.

Large Existing MWC plants: State plansa for large MWC plants are required to include one of the following three retrofit schedules for compliance with the guideline requirements:

(1) Full compliance or closure within 1 year following EPA approval of the State plant;

(2) Full compliance in 1 to 3 years following issuance of a revised construction or operation permit f a permit modification is required or in 1 to 3 years following EPA approval of the State plan if a permit modification is not required, provided the State plan includes measurable and enforceable incremental steps of progress toward compliance; or

(3) Closure in 1 to 3 years following approval of the State plan, provided State plans for large MWC plans are required to specify that all MWC’s at large MWC plants for which construction was commenced after June 26, 1987 comply with the guidelines for HG and dioxins/furans within 1 year following issuance of a revised construction or operation permit if a permit modification is required, or within 1 year following EPA approval of the State plan, whichever is later. State plans for large MWC plants are required to specify that owners or operators of large MWC plants comply with the ASME [American Society of Mechanical Engineers] (or State) operator training and certification requirements by 6 months after startup or 1 year after State plan approval by the EPA, whichever is later.

++ Mercury and dioxin/furans: The guidelines require that State plans include an accelerated compliance schedule for large plants for these two pollutants. Under the accelerated schedule, existing MWC units for which construction commenced after June 26, 1987 (i.e., those facilities equipped with spray dryer/fabric filters or spray dryer/ESPs as required by the New Source Review program) and that are located at large MWC plants would be required to be in compliance with the dioxin/furan and Hg guidelines within 1 year following issuance of a revised construction or operation permit, if a permit modification is required, or within 1 year following approval of the State plan, whichever is later.

a. State Plans: EPA’s final standards and guidelines are expected to be published in the Federal Register (FR) in late November 1995. States have 1 year, from the date of publication in the FR, to submit a State plan to the EPA. The EPA has 6 months to approve or disapprove the State plan. If the EPA disapproves, the EPA has 1 year from the date the State plan was submitted, to adopt a plan for the state.